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WSWS : v^W h` |@L;n : @l~k a`Rky ak`v
sh j`w&Nwr sm`jv` iqR\ny Africa
and the perspective of international socialism K
MS 2002
@pbrv` 18 wvW
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\KmW kl y yNn sMbN[v obl`@G |@L;ny, It sm`n sM bl`@p`@r`Wvn q
@Q\vl jny`tq aq`l vN@Nq# q#ng#mt k#m#W@w? m@G
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s`[`rnv q#y h# bv. @vnW vcnvN a#v@h`W, obl`@G |@L;nyN Nvn @l~k
wWvyNtq aq`lvn @ls |y q (s`Rvkq)? uq`hrnyK @ls p`qn m [nv`q@Y
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h` b#, ak` up shr` @Q\vN amhW bwry slkNn. @mm sNqRXy l r`j&y-aq
pvn ytW w a`k`ryt ӵt r`j&yK @n`v-n#v b# nrK @n`vN@N q ? @my
mt m@G @qvn |ny p#nnAv. @mm sNqRXy l, \`ny sm`jv` sh j`w&Nwrv`
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- sMbN[@yN oN@G y`v vN@N j`k r`j& @qst h#@rN @mm y`vy avr
mt, p`lny mt sh m`mt uWs`h q#m y. enM, @g~ykrn y`vy smg
vd`W s^v sMbN[v n` kNd`yM smg g#Mvlt el@xn [np pN@Ym E @h~ @M @k`tS
smg oN sN[`ngwvn bv. @mm
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pqnMv a#W@W, p`qny @g~ykrny vn` @eh`kv\@yN g vR[nyK y#
vth`g. Eh` b# sm`y v\@yN n`\k` lyN p#nnN@N @g~ykrny
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ey mn a`k`rykt sA[`ny @mN h` s#lM @mN q? @mm kRwv& i mt
smW ekm sm`j bl@Vgy vN@N @g~y [nv`q@Ym m#mK vn j`w&Nwr kMkr# pNy
y. @eh`k
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@gny lb a#w, n#w@h`W S vRgy` @LCcWv@Y nv r$p`k`ryN @vwt a`p a#q q#@m a#w. ob
N mkrnlq k`rnyN py yv@S @eh`k sNqRXy l bh`m v#qgW y. pl @l~k
Q[y p#n n#mW smgm sm`jv`qy @eh`k av\&w`vK bvt pWy. q\k nK S@S
a# Q[, f#STv`qy, n` @qV {`wn (@h`@l~@k~Sty) sh n&k a`[ X`w
krN g#N wvW @l~k Q[yK smN eq` @mq` r \`lwm jn{`wnyN @lN [nv`q@Y
prSpr @r~[w`vyN q#N k`\yt pW @V. pl
@l~k Q[y p#nnnv`W smgm ey @y~jny krN@N j`k r`j&yt e@rv p`qn bl@Vgvl
k#rk`Wvy y# @`TS
p#h# k@L y. a`Rk
sAvR[nyt [`nwm b`[ky bvt pWv a#W@W j`k r`j& b#N kMkr# pNyt ey smg ek@plt
y @n` h#k, o @m@S av[`rny k@L y "R[n pNyt [nv`q@Y ar`jv` g@Y
v&`lWvyt n y h# ekm a`k`ry vN@N, @l~k a`Rky sm`jv` @ls sA[`ny mvn `@y~k v#dvlN
eyt r#Q[ @m." p|c`W
q k`ly l, rg @n`@pn ayt @mm iqR\ny aw@yN en m@n~r`k aqhsK @S
@p @Y y. [np rtvl aNd a`Rk vR[ny l`X pQ[@Y \k&w`vy @ls v#l> g l#n, @s~yT sAgm@Y
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sh @pr w rtvL l j`k a`Rk sAvR[ny bqv iqR\ny i m`vwK s#pv` @S
q^;&m`n y. e@hW
@Q\p`ln iqR\nyN@G sk&w`v b> Nvkt elm sqh` q\k gnn`vK r` yn س q#Kmk av\&w`vy
ih`sy N @pNv` @B. p|c`W-q k`l pC@Jqy v&@RkyK s @eh`k
vR[n@Y nv m`vwK @n` y. py vsr r` vn a`Rk@Y @g~ykrn y`vy mN vn \wvR;y l
p#nn# y @eh`k g#t n#vw vtt @gnW a#w. py q\ky l ar`j&v`
Q[yN nK yW kr a#w. [`n [np r`j&yN yL@Lmp`@H kMkr# pNy, y vn
wWvyNt eLlvn @n`nvn h`ryN, kvrq`ktW vd` v# a`Rk aS}`vrWvy m[&@Y q#k@gn a#w. kN ytWwv p#v
rtvl, j`k a`Rk
sAvR[n@Y iqR\ny >v# a#w. @mm
kl`py all`@gn pvn ڱbv, j`k wWvyN@G lyK @ls p#n @n`n#nK bv, a@nK
m w#nk, ak`@V wrM p#h#v q#kgw @n`h#k. sAvR[n@Y L avvl,
[np rtvL N nN a`k`r@Y, j`k sAvR[n@Y eK mTtmK, ak` rtvL
N pkr ynv` @n`@V. a#Wwv\@yNm vN@N e prSpry. smhr
kr# sh sA&` @Ln @my p#h#v @pNv`@q. uq`hrnyK @ls, @l~k b#Avt av,
upshr` ak` kl`py @Q\ ny v`kyN @ls @d`lR yn 229 K @gv` yW, 1980
t 2000 qKv` e @Q\ ny m`ny @d`lR yn 60 t @d`lR yn 200 NnyktW
vd` ihl@g`S a#w. @vnW a`k`ryN p#vv@h`W, up shr` ak`v e 1980 @Q\ ny @mN
hwrnyK @gv`a# nW ey y` @mN Nnykt v#@yN ny a#w. @mm kl`p@Y @Q\
ny v`kyN @gm s>h` @s_& @Sv` sh a[&`pny yn @qktm @vNkrn qlt vd`
v# qlK v#y @k@R. ar`j&v`
l& `G[ny N ak` mhQpy r`k$m, mN ytWwv`qy p#v k`l@Y
kl y @qy iKmv` yn bv p#vm v#r v q ey @m@wN hm`r @n`@V. p`qny
vR[ny m s>h` sh vn wWvyN ihl q#m s>h` @mm rtvlt [`n k`Rkrny
rtvN v& a`nyny mt @V. @M s>h` @gy W@W ihl qm`gW apnyn v.
nW @my kl @n`h#Kk. @vl> sA&` @Ln @pNv` @qN@N 1980 t, up shr`
kl`p@Y apnynyN@G vn`km, k`Rkkrny rtvN krn a`nynyNt s`@PK;v s#l@M, h
adN k# a# bv. @l~k b#A@V sh l& arq@L anM yt@W @l~k @vl>
@p`lt krn ak` apnynyN vR[ny a#w. apnynyN@G ihly`m @H a#W@W l phwv#mt
@hN @mN smK @n` l#@B. 1980-81 k`l@Y up shr` apnynyN s>h` @vl>`@M
pqnm 100 @ls slk` gnN b#v@h`W aq e agy 65tW a mTtmk @v. `G[ny
gl`y`@M sA&` @Ln |@L;ny @M q ihw y m p#n n. j`w&Nwr l&
arqlt av, @vl>@p`l "qhS mt" sh `G[ny qh@S clny mt
idh#m eLlkrgW "v&h`Wmk
@vnSkM" krN, upshr` kl`p@Y rtvL wmN @Qy a`@y~jkyNt a`kR\y bvt
pW krgw y. e@hW @M a`k`r y`m`RgyK `G[ny gl`Emkt h` a`Rk vR[nyt @H v a#w# yn ymn sA&` @Ln
mN K@p @k@R. uNKt`D
v`Rw`vkt av, 1975 t 1982 awr k`l pRC@Cq@Y, `G[ny gl`Em, up shr` rtvl ql j`k p`qn@yN
yyt 3.9 K @y~jny k@L y. 1983 t 1998 qKv`, v&h`Wmk
sA@\~[ny @vw vd` cw k`l pC@Cq@Y , em agy ql j`k p`qn@yN yyt 1.8K enM yyt pnhk phw v#mK
@pNy. yLlNtmW
vd` `G[ny gl`E@M amK pmnK @n`v, j`w&Nwr l& arql N pnvn lq
pW - yLltm vd` `G[ny vm`r#@M m`vN ivW m - @H@vN ak`
[npyN awN @k`tsK oN@G sMpW trtvlt m`r# m s` `G[ny ivwt gl`y`mK
a#w. j`w&Nwr
l& arql Nm m$w Qyt pW krn lq a[&ynykt av "ny @g`dg#m,
@Q\@yN @k@rn vR[ny vn `G[ny gl`y`m h` sMbNw bvt av\& wrM s`[k q#N l#
a#w". e@mNm up shr` ak`v "eKvrm
`G[y a`nyny sh apnyny krNn @ls h#@R" a#Ww v\@yNm eK y`vyK a@nk @p~;ny
krv. `G[ny ivwt gl`y`m v#@yN vWm, rjyNt v#@yN j`w&Nwr v\@yN nyt
g#mt @V. mhjny` mw nybr sh @p`y v#v#@yN p#t@vn awr ny y@M yvryN
@ls @s_& a[&`pny sh a@nW yqM kp` h#@R. @mm
qWw sh wvW @b`@h~ Ev` mN @pNv` @qN@N [nv` @g~y a`Rky
l Lb#sgW y`vyN, @H a#W@W ak`v wvrtW PpWkmt a#qq#m s>h` bv
y. @my avs`nyt @gn a` h#K@K `G[n@Y l`X a@PK;`vNt av\& p @n`v mhW
mhjny`@G av\&w`vyN s#m s>h` sMpW @y`qvn ar# @l~k a`Rky sA[`ny m mN pm. ak`@V j`k r`j&y ak`v
wvmW Svr$p@yN \`l k^k`Rk wWvyk pvn bvW e p`qn SvX`vy "[nv`q@Y ihlm avyt
n#<@gn a#w# q#m ڍkr bv" W ob y. ihw
k`\y sw& @mNm asw& q @v. ak`
a`Rky
wvmW PpWk@M sh pg`Wv@Y r n bv a#Ww v\@yNm sw& y. e@hW @mm pg`Wvy
j`k pAcyK (phonomena)
@n`@V. ey [nv`q@Y ihlm wWv@Y - @l~k a`Rky
l @g~y `G[n@Y (global
capital) ak`r@Y
- ly. e a`Rky
pg` nW ak` mh`Qpy r` blg kMkr# pNyK a#w. e @Q\`pln bl@Y Xvy
e sA&`Wmk \Kyt vd` @b`@h~ v# y. ak` mhjnw`vt a# ekm i m`vw
@mm kMkr# pNy j`w&Nwr sm`jv` iqR\nyK mw @l~k@Y a@nW kMkr#vN smg
Ek`bQ[ m y. @k@S
vq, t @pr @b`@h~ @q@n @Sm ob q ev# i qR\nyK a#Ww v\@yNm i@Y
y`Wmk m s>h` vq, }m@yN vd` `@y~k y# @p@nn` v#d @vlK
y`Wmk kl y# rny mt id a#w. @g~y [nv`q@Y n`\k`Wvyt e@rv
j`k r`j&y \KmW @n` kl q? ob
N K;kvm hn`gW pm a#Ww v\@yNm @m g#tvK pv. ap kw` krN@N mn
r`j&yK g#n q? q#nt ak`@V pvn "j`k r`j&" v&hy,
ar`j&v` blyN@G m#m. ar`j&v`N ak`b@vN mhjny` qv`gNn`
v`hny Ev` y @n`h# y. @vnW On$m |nyk @mNm @m q, k pN |n p#n n.
p|c`W q k`n r`j&yN mhjny` p`g` wb` g#@M sh oN ar`j&v` l&
`G[nyt ytW kr@M v`hny v` @mNm @mm v&hyN
wmN@G X Qy s>h` @y`q` gNn` @mvlM @ls ak` [npyN N bq` v#l>
gNn` l. @mm
k`rn` s#l@M obv sRv-ak` i qR\ny kr` wL kr a#w. e@hW em k`rn`m
n#vwvrK p#n n. sRv ak` r`j&ykt @l~k@Y a@nW @Q\vl sMpWvN @w`rv,
j`w&Nwr @vl>`@mN @w`rv, p#vmt sh vR[nymt h# q? @vl>`@mN @n`@V nM
em sMpW lb`gNn` a`k`ry mK q? @vnW vcn vN p#vv@h`W evN r`j&ykt [np
l`X pQ[@Y q<ryN@gN g#l gw @n`h#k. @m
@s~yT sh`Nv > v#@M p`dM ukh` g#m v#qgW y. @mm j`w&Nwr sm`jv`
iqR\n@Y mlgm sl k@L n#w. nW ey, @`TS N n&`y`Wmkv @pr "w rtk
sm`jv`q@Y" j`kv`q@Y iqR\n@Y p#vy @n#k bv, `@y~kv qh` q#Km.
epmnK @n`v, e kd` v#m y j`k iqR\n@Y bA@k`@l`Wbv eqrV krNnK y.
avs`n v\@yN @my @s~yT sh`N s y sMpW q swv @l~k@Y h@yN ekk m`nyk
[nv`qyt pvn kLpyK @g`d n#m kl @n` h#y yNn oPmK nM, ak` mh`Qpy
l q ey kl @n`h# vN@N y. @m@wK
gmNkr a# @@eh`k gmNmg pK;` @M v#qgWkm av[`rny mt mt avsN v\@yN
id @qNn. 1950 sh 60 gnN vl blyt p# ak` j`k n`ykyN @pr ytWwv p#v
j`k r`j&yN vnv`W smhr a`Rk
vR[ny s>h` m`vwKq v^wv a#w# |v`s@yN Kw h. @mm n`ykyN@gN vd`W
v`m`Ak uqy ak` Ek`bQ[w`vy b> kw` kl awr yM a`k`ryt ak`
sm`jv`qyk a@PK;`vK q wb` gWh. @M
i qR\ny v&snyN m` y. kMkr# pNy sh mhjny`@G i gmn s>h` @mm
@eh`k aWq#M vl p`dM ukh` g#m aw&v\& y. ar`j&v`
ak`Wv@yN ak` mhjny` qhS kr g#m, vn @k`N@Q ihl q#m, @mm kl`py
mhW@S n`\yt a#q q# @L v# Q[yN sh L Q[yN m` m - @M j`w&Nwr
sm`jv`q@Y sh j`w&Nwr kMkr# pN v&`p`r@Y n#vw n# m N aWpW kr
gNn` @h~ n#w@h`W nk i @n`@k@r a# jyhnyN@gN smhr. Copyright 1998-99 World Socialist Web Site All rights reserved |